Micro Hydro Energy Systems
The use of micro-hydro power generating systems is another example of the use of renewable energy. The hydrological cycle, which involves the evaporation of water from oceans and lakes and the transportation of this water vapour to the site where it falls as rain, is driven by heat from the sun. Already this renewable energy source is being used in large hydro power plants to provide peak power to the electricity grids.
When analysing a site for a remote area power supply system one should take into account the potential of a micro-hydro system to provide the power that is needed. If there is a permanent running stream or a permanent dam in a suitable location, power may be available 24 hours a day (an advantage over Solar PV and wind systems) at a cost which is competitive with Solar PV and Wind systems.
Site Consideration
- The items which need to be considered in a micro-hydro system are:
- The site from which the water is taken,
- The available power from the water supply (regulations are in force in most states governing how much water you may take from a stream or creek. Regardless of this you should never take more than 50% of the minimum flow of the creek from an environmental damage aspect),
- The intake system for the water into the pipe,
- The pipeline (length, diameter and civil works required to install),
- The isolating valve,The turbineThe type of generator or alternator,
- The governor and control equipment.
